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The rating agency has again lowered the credit rating of Greece, "C", which corresponds to an almost certain risk of default. Moody's in New York.

The U.S. rating agency Moody's said Friday night that lowered the credit rating of Greece to "Ca" to "C" to reflect the launch of the restructuring of public debt in Athens. This operation "entails expected losses of more than 70% for investors" who will participate, Moody's wrote in a statement.

Moody's assigns a "C", the lowest possible rating on its classification as it deems to borrowers on the edge of default, while a rating of "Ca" she attributed so far to the Greek public debt corresponds to the speculative issuers in which the failure seems likely. The agency says that in his view, the swap of debt proposed by the Greek government to its private sector creditors, whose success is imperative to allow "the provision [of Athens] a additional financial assistance of the euro area "will return, if completed, a" default "on" Greek government ". The agency was then referred to the new European rescue plan providing 130 billion euros of aid set in motion Thursday.

Its rival Standard & Poor's lowered the credit rating Monday of Greece to "SD", a level corresponding to "selective default", to reflect the debt erase operation launched three days earlier. S & P said it planned to raise the rating to CCC of the country, which she attributed to poor quality of issuers with a real risk of default, where such operation would have been fully completed, probably in mid- in March.

This is not the case of Moody's, which does not assign "perspective" to the Greek note, sign it refuses to speculate on what could be its evolution after the debt swap consumed. "Regarding the future, the program of the European Union and the proposed debt exchange will reduce the debt burden for Greece, but the risk of default of the country will remain high even after this exchange has been completed, "the agency wrote.  

"Moody's believes that Greece still faces challenges in the medium term solvency: the ratio of public debt to GDP is well above 100% for several years," the statement added.

Restructuring launched Feb. 24 to allow Greece to obtain a cancellation of debt of 107 billion euros. Athens proposes to give private creditors participating in the operation of securities worth less than 53.5% of those they currently hold. A quarter of those titles that creditors will receive bonds from the European Stability (EFSF), presumably with a maximum maturity of two years. The rest will consist of new Greek bonds with maturities ranging from 11 to 30 years, a period much greater than those they replace. Because interest rates that will yield these securities loss to creditors should be around 73%.

Casino Monday will consider the offer to purchase its share made by Monoprix, Galeries Lafayette, said Philippe Houze, chief executive of Galeries Lafayette and Monoprix CEO.

Galeries Lafayette and Casino disagree on the value of their joint venture, the first finding to 1.35 billion euros from 50%.

"Galeries Lafayette reiterated their offer on Feb. 10 at Casino redeem its share to 1.35 billion euros," said Philippe Houze in an interview with Le Figaro on Saturday.

The CEO of Casino "Jean-Charles Naouri assured me that the offer would be considered at Monday's council," he adds. "We have the means to finance the offer, if accepted."

The gross domestic product (GDP) contracted by German 0.2% in the fourth quarter, after rising 0.6% between July and September, confirmed Friday the federal Office ; Deral Statistics.

German growth has slowed to 1.5% annual pace in the fourth quarter after 2.6% last quarter, hampered by a slowdown in foreign trade and consumption.

Exports fell 0.8% in the quarter, after growing 2.6% last quarter.

The net trade subtracted 0.3 percentage points to GDP in the fourth quarter, while domestic demand added 0.1 percentage points, says the Office of Statistics, whose data de ; finitives were fitted to the seasonal values. 

The German budget deficit fell to 1.0% of GDP in 2011 against 4.3% in 2010.

Finance ministers of the euro area, meeting in Brussels last night, finally managed to agree on a rescue plan of record 237 billion euros. Financial markets themselves remain cautious. Record bailout for Greece

The euro area has decided to forceps Tuesday a new record bailout, potentially reaching 237 billion euros for Greece in the hope of avoiding the release of the Monetary Union without allay concerns about future of the country.

The agreement came in the night after more than thirteen hours of negotiations between the Finance Ministers of the monetary union, during one of those crisis meetings in Brussels with the euro area is now used. The agreement must "secure the future of the country in the euro area," he told reporters their leader, Jean-Claude Juncker, while many economists believe the country is doomed to end to leave .

European Commissioner for Economic Affairs, Olli Rehn, told him of a "real chance to make a fresh start" and "an essential step for Greece and the euro area". The aid package includes a component from a public assistance, loans-mainly-to the tune of 130 billion euros until the end of 2014, after an initial program of support for the country decided May 2010 had already reached 110 billion euros. This has proved insufficient. The IMF should be involved, but making less than in previous aid plans. It will take a decision in March.  

The other aspect concerns a debt relief of Greece held by private creditors, banks and investment funds. They must accept a loss of 53.5% in the final on the face value of their Greek claims, is an increased effort from the original target was 50%. This should reduce the country's debt amounting to 107 billion euros, a record in world economic history. This exceeds by far the effect of debt restructuring of Argentina, which reached $ 82 billion (73 billion euros during the day) when she failed in January 2002. With this support plan, Greece should be able to cope with a maturity of 14.5 billion euros which falls on March 20 and thus avoid default. Provided however, that banks respond in sufficient numbers to call.  

Athens said he was "very satisfied" with the result. The Greek government had fulfilled its part of the paper the contract by complying with the requirements of its creditors. It adopted a new austerity plan at the cost of violent street protests and renewed political turbulence and will have to quickly firm up the first steps, in token of good will, to see the money reach him. A savings plan painful 3.3 billion euros this year was passed, providing for a reduction in the minimum wage and a limitation of pensions in particular.

Financial markets remain cautious

But if negotiations dragged on, is that the major funders of Greece have hit on a hole of several billion euros to bridge towards reducing Greece's debt to 120% of GDP by 2020. It is the goal set by the International Monetary Fund to consider that it is sustainable in the long term. In the end, the bailout will reduce the Greek debt to the tune of 120.5% by 2020. To achieve this, banks will not only make a greater effort. The government also will have to put a little more hands in their pockets, by reducing interest rates of loans already contracted to Greece and, for central banks in the euro area, by participating in the effort. Greece will in return be further strengthened supervision on the part of creditors, the European Commission in particular, to ensure it does not deviate from the targets.

The negotiations were also made difficult by the fact that many countries are skeptical, despite repeated promises, the ability of Greece to make the necessary reforms, especially as the forthcoming parliamentary elections are likely to reshuffle the cards. The country itself is undermined by the economic recession, with five consecutive years of decline in gross domestic product, and the population is increasingly difficult to accept successive budget cuts demanded by creditors.

Financial markets have reacted cautiously. The euro rose against the dollar and the Japanese yen on Tuesday. But European shares open in equilibrium. Many economists doubt that the new rescue plan is the final chapter of the Greek crisis, and therefore the debt crisis that has shaken the euro area for over two years. They regret that it is turned toward fiscal restraint and not to revive growth in a country that could, in the eyes of many, to "die healed." "The Greek plan remains fragile and vulnerable. Even with this agreement, Greece still has most of its problems ahead, not behind it," warns Sony Kapoor, Director of Studies Centre Re-Define. The head of the Bruegel Institute is even more pessimistic, believing that the plan does not doubt "that extend the deadline fatal". "Greece will not implement austerity promised and will end up ultimately having to decide to leave the euro or to be pushed to the exit," he considers.

Not easy being a socialist candidate in times of budget deficit. On the one hand, we must gather all left, and the other not to antagonize the financial markets, with power to increase the cost of debt. Francois Hollande in his first big campaign rally, Sunday, Jan. 22 at Le Bourget.

Finance the war against Francois Hollande is it already over? Having dug up the hatchet in January at Le Bourget, the PS presidential candidate seems ready to smoke the peace pipe in the British press when he denied any "aggression" against the financial markets.

It's early in the week that François Hollande has raised the white flag. Before going to London, he in effect gave an interview to several British correspondents including the Telegraph, the Financial Times and the Guardian. To reassure all these people came to interview in Paris – and at the same time readers of the City-François Hollande has tried convincing: no it is not regarded in France as a very left financial regulation. And no, the France of 1981 has nothing to do with that of 2012, where "there are more communists," he said. Since the Guardian has restored the full quote by adding the flat "or very little." But the little phrase made noise in France where she has raised the ire of the Communist Party and part of the left. And drew attention to the soothing message of one who presented himself as the exterminating angel of finance.

To please these ears International, Francois Hollande has indeed put barrels of water in his wine. He did not hesitate to recall that during the fifteen where they were in power, the Socialists had liberalized the economy, open markets to finance and privatization. According to him, he and Obama would also have very close positions on the topic: "One could say that Obama and I have the same advisors."

Finance, enemy number one on the inside …

A speech that contrasts clearly with the speech of January 22 Bourget, in which he had made finance enemy number one, it had to be slaughtered at all costs. This financing "nameless, faceless, non-party" but "nevertheless governs us" and took control of our lives …

At the time all the political commentators asserted: Francois Hollande had managed a grand coming out on the left! The verbal attack angered the bankers, tired of being stigmatized. And they came with a program: creation of a tax on financial transactions, separation of deposit banks and investment banks, creating a special tax for financial institutions, or limiting bonuses. Ultimately, however, nothing really revolutionary. But the strong speech perfectly met the expectations of the electorate to the left.

… partner and to be struck out

So why this double standard? Francois Hollande is a campaign from the first round of presidential elections in which he must collect the left where it calls for more measures to support growth. This does not prevent him from being convinced that deficit reduction is essential. His lecture on the encryption program, far from lyrical flights of Bourget failing to have been accurate on spending cuts, was already a sign. But he also knows that the markets are still the law in fiscal policy. To put them back is to take the risk of skyrocketing interest rates on the French debt.

But some recent indicators have come to confirm it was time to make peace with investors. A report by economist Erik Nielsen of UniCredit noted in particular the fear of the markets to see the PS candidate cross the steps of the Elysee. Concerned, the prospect of renegotiating the EU Stability Pact to avoid the constitutional goal of balancing public finances. Hence the signals sent through appeasement of the international press. However not sure whether they were intended to be discussed in the hexagon. Which is not without problems.

Olivier Dartigolles for example, spokesman for the PCF, the "kneeling" before the City of Holland "are hard to the left". A view shared by Marie-George Buffet and Jean-Luc Melenchon, who both joked statements of the candidate face to British journalists. "You can not simultaneously be the candidate of the City and the candidate cities", summed up Wednesday Hervé Gattegno, editor of the Point.

Furthermore, this game is subtle to say the least on how to reduce deficits, could also turn against him. It is said the markets they are non-partisan. Maybe, but they are adamant on one point: the deficit reduction plans should be adjusted to the nearest euro!

Kazakh airline, Air Astana, has ordered a total of 15 aircraft from Boeing, Airbus (EADS subsidiary) and Embraer for more than a billion dollars in total, said Wednesday its leader Peter Foster . The airline, 51% subsidiary of sovereign fund Samruk-Kazyna and 49% of Britain's BAE Systems, has ordered six Airbus A320s, four Boeing 767, three Boeing-787 and two Embraer regional jets 190. The price and delivery dates were not specified. Air Astana, which made its first flight in 2002, currently holds 26 aircraft.

The rating agency lowered the rating of the country by one notch to "AA +" to "AA". It could further deteriorate in the future. Outgoing Prime Minister of Belgium Yves Leterme, the ordinary business since April 2010

Belgium was sanctioned Friday by the rating agency Standard and Poor's, because of its debt and therefore the political crisis through which it passes for over 500 days and paralyzing currently discussing the formation of the next budget. The rating agency lowered the rating of the Kingdom by one notch to "AA +" to "AA". It could further deteriorate in the future.

Reacting immediately, the Prime Minister Yves Leterme current affairs said that the decision was "naturally bad news," before launching an appeal to political parties to reach agreement within 48 hours on the budget.The country's leaders also face pressure from the European Commission threatening Belgium with a fine of 700 million euros if a tight budget is not completed by mid-December.

Continuing difficulties in the financial sector

It is this urgency and the lack of credibility of the country has pointed Standard & Poor's lowering the rating of the kingdom. Involved: "difficulties in the financial sector" which may require greater support by the government which would increase the already high debt of the country and especially the context of "political uncertainty" that continues to affect the credibility of Belgium as a borrower.

The parties of the coalition of Angela Merkel announced Sunday night tax breaks 6 billion euros in 2013 and 2014. The opposition considers these tax cuts are incompatible with the objective of reducing debt. German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Minister of Economy Rainer Bruederle at the energy conference in Berlin on March 22

German opposition parties have rejected Monday plans tax relief presented Sunday by the ruling coalition, they are able to derail the upper house of parliament, the Bundesrat, where they predominate. "I can not imagine a majority for the proposals that form the Bundesrat," said Jürgen Trittin, one of the leaders of the Green Party, "it would be very surprised."

The Prime Minister had offered his resignation from the government if his ministers to help get the vote of confidence tonight. It would then form a unity government with the right. Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou at the EU summit of June 23, 2011.

The Prime Minister was prepared to resign, reports Reuters. The agency, quoting government sources said that Papandreou would have reached an agreement with his ministers in which he agrees to resign if his ministers are supporting the vote of confidence to be held on the night of Friday Saturday. Which would be for the Prime Minister an honorable exit after the controversy in his own party on the usefulness of the referendum that Papandreou wanted to implement.

Prime Minister Georges Panpandréou announced a referendum on the bailout of the euro, which provides for the deletion of one half of the Greek debt. A gamble. The announcement plunged the European stock exchanges. Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou

Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou made a surprise and took a political risk on Monday night by announcing the holding of a referendum on the European Agreement deletion of part of the country's debt, criticized Greece for the surrender of sovereignty that it entails.